The present disclosure discloses a method for evaluating estimation accuracy of energy consumption per ton in distillation processes, and belongs to the technical field of evaluation of estimation performance of energy consumption per ton in distillation processes. The method includes building a state space model of a distillation process, determining a state estimation model, and obtaining an estimated value of energy consumption per ton in the distillation process according to the state estimation model and the state space model; obtaining an estimated value of a state variable with the optimal overall evaluation using a determined evaluation function, describing interference information making the estimated value deviate from a true value and being reflected in an observed value, and transferring the interference information from the observed value to the estimated value of the state variable to obtain an estimation accuracy of the state variable; and unitizing the interference information affecting the estimated value, and evaluating the estimation accuracy of energy consumption per ton based on the unitized interference information. The present disclosure may well reflect the deviation between the estimated value and the true value without the true value, and evaluate the same object using different estimation methods under the same architecture, so that the evaluation results may cross different estimation methods and still have practicality.