A power station inspection system and a power station inspection method are disclosed. A power station inspection system includes an unmanned aerial vehicle, and an unmanned aerial vehicle flight controller, a central controller, and at least two types of data collection terminals that are disposed on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The central controller is configured to control the unmanned aerial vehicle flight controller, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle flight controller controls flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The central controller is further configured to control the at least two types of data collection terminals to collect at least two types of component image data of a power station component in a flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle.