Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to reinforcement and filler materials in various compositions, and more specifically to coal-derived materials as reinforcement and filler materials. In an embodiment, a composition includes a coal-derived component and an elastomer component. The coal-derived component can be coal powder and/or coal char. The coal-derived component can be thermally-treated (e.g., pyrolyzed), solvent-extracted to produce an extract or residual carbon, and/or chemically modified prior to incorporation in the composition.