Disclosed are a method and apparatus for transmitting an initial access signal, thus solving the existing problem wherein transmitting and detecting of synchronization signals cannot be applied to large-scale network coverage of a future communication system. The method comprises: determining at least one to-be-transmitted identification information of a synchronization block, the synchronization block comprising at least two components for transmitting an initial access signal, and different components occupying different time-frequency resources of the synchronization block; determining an initial access signal transmitted by each component in the synchronization block according to the identification information; and determining a time-frequency resource occupied by each component in the synchronization block and transmitting the initial access signal of the component on the time-frequency resource occupied by each component.