Provided are a tandem epitope polypeptide vaccine for novel coronavirus and use thereof. Specifically, a vaccine polypeptide for novel coronavirus pneumonia is provided on the basis of analysis and study of the RBD sequence and structural information of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Said vaccine polypeptide comprises the following elements connected in series: a generic Th epitope sequence, a B cell epitope sequence and a T cell epitope sequence. The B cell epitope and the T cell epitope have an amino acid sequence from the RBM region of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Provided are a vaccine composition containing said vaccine polypeptide and use thereof. Experiments show that the vaccine polypeptide of the present invention can enable cynomolgus monkeys to initiate strong cellular and humoral immunity, and to generate neutralizing antibodies that block the binding of RBD and ACE2, and can be used for preventing and treating novel coronavirus pneumonia.