An optical fiber fusion splicer includes an image acquisition unit, a condition setting unit, and a fusion splicing unit. The image acquisition unit acquires an image including each of end surfaces of first and second optical fibers that are splicing targets in a state where the end surfaces of the first and second optical fibers are disposed to face each other. The condition setting unit sets splicing conditions in accordance with a state of each of the end surfaces by identifying the state of each of the end surfaces on the basis of the image. The fusion splicing unit fusion-splices the first and second optical fibers together by means of discharge between a pair of electrode bars in accordance with the splicing conditions set by the condition setting unit.