An orthodontic appliance, an orthodontic device, and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the orthodontic appliance is configured to orthodontically treat an impacted tooth. In some embodiments, the orthodontic device comprises a retention portion configured to be secured to one or more of the patients nonimpacted teeth and an arm extending away from the retention portion. The arm can include a first end portion at the retention portion and a second end portion configured to be positioned adjacent to the impacted tooth. The second end portion of the arm can be configured to indicate a portion of the patient's oral tissue overlying the impacted tooth to be surgically altered. In some embodiments, the second end portion of the arm can be configured to detachably couple to an orthodontic bracket and/or position the orthodontic bracket on or adjacent to an exposed portion of the impacted tooth.