A visual localization method includes obtaining an image captured by a terminal device; obtaining two-dimensional line feature information of the image that includes at least one of information about a boundary between a building and a non-building or information about a boundary between a non-building and a non-building; and determining a localization pose of the terminal device based on location information of the terminal device, magnetometer angle deflection information of the terminal device, a satellite map, and the two-dimensional line feature information.