The disclosure relates to a device and a method for adjusting a transmission rate in an electronic device. The electronic device includes a memory, a communication circuit, and at least one processor operatively connected to the memory and the communication circuit, wherein the at least one processor when wireless communication with an external electronic device is performed, identifies an expected first power consumption amount of a first transmission rate on the basis of the first transmission rate and a failure rate of data transmission related to the first transmission rate, identifies an expected second power consumption amount of a second transmission rate on the basis of the second transmission rate and a failure rate of data transmission related to the second transmission rate, selects, as a data transmission rate, the first transmission rate or the second transmission rate on the basis of the first power consumption amount and the second power consumption amount, and transmits data to the external electronic device on the basis of the selected data transmission rate.