A robot control system includes a first control device including a first communication unit and one or more second control devices connected to the first control device through a network. Each of the second control devices includes a second communication unit that exchanges data with the first communication unit of the first control device using a communication resource of a network allocated thereto, and a command value generation unit that sequentially generates a command value for driving the robot, in accordance with a command from the first control device. The robot control system includes a communication resource setting unit that allocates the communication resource to each second control device.