Provided is a thermoplastic resin composite material or a thermoplastic resin composite material particle that includes cellulose fibers, can be used to obtain a molded article excellent in mechanical properties such as strength, and is so excellent in fluidity during melting as to be excellent in molding processability. A thermoplastic resin composite material including cellulose fibers, a compatibilizer, and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the cellulose fibers substantially include only fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50 μm and a fiber length of 10 to 400 μm, a composition ratio by mass of the cellulose fibers to the thermoplastic resin is 10:90 to 80:20, and arbitrary 10 sections of the thermoplastic resin composite material have a standard deviation of a proportion of an area occupied by the cellulose fibers per predetermined area, the standard deviation being 15% or less.