Apparatus for plasma synthesis of graphitic products including graphene, comprising: a plasma nozzle coupled to a reaction chamber; means for supplying a process gas to the plasma nozzle, the process gas comprising a carbon-containing species; and means for supplying radio frequency radiation to the process gas within the plasma nozzle, so as to produce a plasma within the nozzle in use, and thereby cause cracking of the carbon-containing species; wherein the plasma nozzle is arranged such that an afterglow of the plasma extends into the reaction chamber, the cracked carbon-containing species also passes into the reaction chamber, and the cracked carbon-containing species recombines within the afterglow, so as to form graphitic products including graphene. A method of plasma-synthesising graphitic products including graphene is also provided.