In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an image sensor includes a first pixel group and a second pixel group disposed in a substrate. The first pixel group includes a first plurality of first sub-groups configured to sense first light of a first color, and a plurality of second sub-groups configured to sense second light of a second color. The second pixel group is arranged adjacent to the first pixel group and includes a second plurality of first sub-groups configured to sense fourth light of the first color, and a plurality of third sub-groups configured to sense third light of a third color. Each of the first plurality of first sub-groups, the second plurality of first sub-groups, the plurality of second sub-groups, and the plurality of third sub-groups including pixels arranged in corresponding N rows and M columns, N and M being positive integers greater than one.