A system comprises a computer including a processor and a memory. The memory includes instructions such that the processor is programmed to generate vehicle-level commands based on received vehicle operation commands. The received vehicle operation commands can comprise input commands corresponding to at least one of an autonomous vehicle (AV) mode of operation or a manual mode of operation. The processor is also programmed to generate target actuator commands based on the vehicle-level commands and transmit the target actuator commands to at least one actuator.