A heat-insulating fireproof structure and a method of manufacturing the heat-insulating fireproof structure are provided. The heat-insulating fireproof structure includes a fireproof fiber layer, and at least one fireproof reinforcement layer. The fireproof fiber layer includes an inorganic aerogel. The inorganic aerogel is present in the fireproof fiber layer by being attached on surfaces of fibers therein. Based on the fireproof fiber layer being 100 wt %, a content of the inorganic aerogel is from 20 wt % to 50 wt %.