In one aspect, an active hyperspectral filter array includes a polished wafer comprising a d33 material, wherein the d33 piezoelectric material is configured to display a piezoelectric effect along a same axis of a directed light used to obtain a controlled modulation; wherein the polished wafer comprises: a front electrode on a front surface of the polished wafer, a back electrode on a back surface of the polished wafer, wherein the front electrode and the back electrode are configured such that an optical path length is variable by application of an appropriate electric field.