The present invention relates to a process for coating keratin materials, which consists in applying to said materials a coating agent formed by hydrogen bonding interaction of at least one polyphenol X comprising at least two different phenol groups with at least one compound Y including at least two functional groups Gy, which may be identical or different, which are capable of forming at least two hydrogen bonds with said phenol groups of said polyphenol X. More particularly, the process is intended for making up keratin materials.