The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for panoptically guiding digital image inpainting utilizing a panoptic inpainting neural network. In some embodiments, the disclosed systems utilize a panoptic inpainting neural network to generate an inpainted digital image according to panoptic segmentation map that defines pixel regions corresponding to different panoptic labels. In some cases, the disclosed systems train a neural network utilizing a semantic discriminator that facilitates generation of digital images that are realistic while also conforming to a semantic segmentation. The disclosed systems generate and provide a panoptic inpainting interface to facilitate user interaction for inpainting digital images. In certain embodiments, the disclosed systems iteratively update an inpainted digital image based on changes to a panoptic segmentation map.