In one aspect, the disclosure relates to methods of treating a subject having a clinical condition associated with low circulating levels of testosterone, comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of sevoflurane, thereby treating the clinical condition associated with low circulating levels of testosterone. In some aspects, the sevoflurane can be administered nasally or by inhalation. In another aspect, exposure to sevoflurane results in long-term increase in serum levels of testosterone in the subject (e.g., 60 days to 120 days). This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.