Provided are a geological target identification method and apparatus based on image information fusion. The method includes: generating a first digital sectional map and a second digital sectional map of the same depth from a first data volume and a second data volume, respectively; configuring data of the first digital sectional map and the second digital sectional map on a universal coordinate system to form a first registered color map and a second registered color map; pre-processing the first registered color map and the second registered color map to form a first source image and a second source image; decomposing the first source image and the second source image respectively into a low frequency sub-band image and a high frequency sub-band image; fusing the two low frequency sub-band images; fusing the two high frequency sub-band images, reconstructing the fused low frequency sub-band image and the fused high frequency sub-band image, and segmenting the occurrence position of a geological body in the fused image by using a segmentation method to obtain a spatial occurrence form of a detection target.