Provided is a method for building an image reading model based on a capsule endoscope, a device and a medium. The method includes: driving the capsule endoscope to move within a working area, sequentially recording the position coordinates and field of view orientations of the capsule endoscope when it reaches each positioning point at a predetermined first frequency, and driving the capsule endoscope to sequentially capture images at a predetermined second frequency and record the images; constructing a 3D model corresponding to the outer contour of the working area based on the recorded position coordinates of the capsule endoscope at each positioning point; and mapping the recorded images onto the 3D model to create an image reading model. By mapping the obtained images onto a 3D model of the working area, to enhance the visualization effect of the examination, facilitate observation, save image reading time, and increase the detection efficiency.