A cleaning system and a base station. In a working process, an airflow is generated by a drawer, to draw garbage on the ground on a traveling path into a dust box. Before the airflow entering the dust box is discharged outside a cleaning robot, the airflow flows through an air filter, and dust carried by the airflow is filtered out under a filtering function of the air filter. When dust accumulation in the air filter needs to be cleaned or the dust box needs to be emptied, the air filter is driven by a dust cleaner to vibrate, so as to shake off dust in the air filter, and the garbage in the dust box is collected by using a collector of the base station.