A method for controlling train operation, includes: receiving an instruction indicating permission to enter a train autonomous circumambulation system (TACS) control level; in response to the train satisfies a condition for entering the TACS control level, controlling the train to enter the TACS control level and transmitting a TACS control notification to a ground device in a route section in which the train is located, the ground device communicating with the train through the TACS control notification based on a TACS control level protocol; and operating the train based on the TACS control level.