A composite cathode active material, a cathode and a lithium battery each including the composite cathode active material, and a method of manufacturing the composite cathode active material. The composite cathode active material includes a core including a plurality of primary particles, and a shell disposed on the core, wherein a primary particle of the plurality of primary particles includes a lithium nickel transition metal oxide, the shell includes a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first composition contains a first metal and the second composition contains a second metal, wherein the first metal includes a metal of Groups 2, 4, 5, and 7 to 15, the second metal includes a metal of Group 3, and the first composition includes a first phase and the second composition includes a second phase that is distinguishable from the first phase.