An overlay system is provided that includes a storage element and processing circuitry coupled thereto. The storage element stores an executable graph-based model including a plurality of nodes, a plurality of rule overlay nodes, and a plurality of data analysis overlay nodes. The processing circuitry receives a stimulus indicative of a data analysis operation and identifies a first node, a rule overlay node associated with the first node, and a data analysis overlay node associated with the first node. The processing circuitry executes a set of rules associated with the rule overlay node on a composition of the first node to generate a set of outputs. The data analysis overlay node uses the set of outputs to determine whether a data analysis score associated with the first node exceeds a data analysis score threshold.