A display substrate, including: a base substrate; a plurality of data lines on the base substrate; a first insulating layer on a side of the plurality of data lines away from the base substrate; a plurality of gate lines on a side of the first insulating layer away from the plurality of data lines, where extension directions of the gate and data lines are intersected; a second insulating layer on a side of the plurality of gate lines away from the first insulating layer; and a first electrode on a side of the second insulating layer away from the plurality of gate lines, where at least a portion of an orthographic projection of the first electrode on the base substrate is within an region surrounded by orthographic projections of two adjacent data lines on the base substrate and orthographic projections of two adjacent gate lines on the base substrate.