One object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer structure manufacturing device and a multilayer structure manufacturing method, which enable control to accelerate the cooling rate in any layer region and facilitates the development of a desired metal structure by controlling the cooling rate. The present invention provides a multilayer structure manufacturing device (1A) including a laser oscillator (14), a chamber (3), a build stage (4) including a powder bed (8) of metal powder M that is movable in the vertical direction in the chamber (3), a plurality of temperature measurement probes (5A, 5B) that measure the temperature of the metal layer or the multilayer structure (20) in the process of being manufactured, and a plurality of temperature adjustment probes (6A, 6B) that adjust the temperature of the metal layer or the multilayer structure (20) in the process of being manufactured, and the temperature measurement probe (5A) and the temperature adjustment probe (5B) are embedded inside the powder bed (5) of the build stage (4).