A composite, comprising: a first surface, a second surface, and a thickness between the first surface and the second surface, a porous scaffold having a plurality of pores extending from the first surface into the thickness, at least some of the plurality of pores being at least partially filled with cellulose nanofibrils, and the first surface of the composite having a root mean square (RMS) roughness of from about 0.01 to about 0.1 μm.