An energy storage apparatus includes an energy storage unit and a conversion unit. The conversion unit may be configured to: obtain a given port voltage of the conversion unit based on running information of the energy storage unit, control a real-time port voltage of the conversion unit based on the given port voltage of the conversion unit, and control a real-time port current of the energy storage unit based on the given port voltage and the real-time port voltage of the conversion unit. The energy storage unit may be configured to be discharged or charged based on the real-time port current of the energy storage unit.