A method of determining capability and quality of a foundation pile and a method of designing the foundation pile comprises the following steps: positioning a ground charcteristics analyzer in a bored hole where the foundation pile is constructed; displacing the surrounding ground of the bored hole; and measuring the force applied to a bored hole and the induced displacement; so that the characteristics and quality of soil and the pile can be analyzed simultaneously with executing the construction. A ground characteristics analyzer with which the above-mentioned methods are performed comprises a horizontal pressing device which protrudes in the radial direction from the outer peripheral of the body of the analyzer to displace the surrounding ground of a bored hole and a vertical depressing device which protrudes downward to deform the bottom ground of the bored hole. A method of making a hole for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-situ pile comprises the following steps: making a hole by a drilling machine and setting up a casing provided with a horizontal pressing device on its outer peripheral portion so that the horizontal pressing device presses the surrounding ground of the bored hole to deform it into into an arbitrary shape. A method of making a hole for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-situ pile comprises the steps of making a hole by a drilling machine; setting up a casing provided with a horizontal pressing device on its outer peripheral portion; and pressing the bottom ground of the bored hole by a vertical pressing device and the bottom face of the drilling machine when the casing reaches a predetermined depth. An apparatus for making a hole for a foundation pile such as a cast-in-situ pile comprises a casing provided with a vertical pressing device on the outer peripheral portion at its end; a drilling machine for making a hole in the ground; and a connecting means provided between the casing and a drilling machine, for moving the casing and the drilling machine together in the direction corresponding to the axis of the casing.