This invention provides a composition, device and method for the removal of selected factors, such as cytokines or pharmaceuticals, from a substance such as whole blood or plasma. Advantageously, the invention provides for the treatment or prevention of septic shock syndrome or other conditions evidenced by the presence of cytokines in a patient by contacting the patient's whole blood with a composition comprising silica and a surface treatment material, such as heparin, but preferably human serum albumin (HSA). The treatment lowers the cytokine concentration of the blood. Pharmaceuticals can be removed from an individual's whole blood or plasma, such as for use in treating drug overdosage.