A honeycomb structure made of a silicon carbide-based porous body and having a number of through-holes extending in the axial direction, separated by partition walls. The strength and Young's modulus of the silicon carbide-based porous body satisfy the following relation: Strength (MPa)/Young's modulus (GPa)≧1.1. The honeycomb structure contains refractory particles such as silicon carbide particles and the like and yet can be produced at a relatively low firing temperature at a low cost, has a high strength and a high thermal shock resistance, and can be suitably used, for example, as a filter for purification of automobile exhaust gas by a treatment such as plugging of through-channel at its inlet or outlet, or as a catalyst carrier, even under a high SV condition.