A process for manufacturing an inorganic material-based article comprising the steps of (1) forming a sol solution mainly composed of an inorganic component, (2) producing inorganic material-based gel fine fibers by extruding the resulting sol solution from a nozzle, and at the same time, applying an electrical field to the extruded sol solution to thin the extruded sol solution, and then, collecting inorganic material-based gel fine fibers on a support, (3) drying the collected inorganic material-based gel fine fibers to produce inorganic material-based article containing inorganic material-based dried gel fine fibers, and then, (4) sintering the inorganic material-based article containing inorganic material-based dried gel fine fibers to produce inorganic material-based article containing inorganic material-based sintered fine fibers.