The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of β- or γ-unsaturated or saturated carboxylic acids.It relates more particularly to the hydroxycarbonylation of an organic compound comprising a conjugated unsaturation, such as butadiene, by the action of carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst. The carboxylic acids thus obtained are preferably pentenoic acids. According to the invention, the reaction medium after the end of the hydroxycarbonylation stage is treated with hydrogen to reduce the palladium present in the 2+ oxidation state to palladium in the zero oxidation state and the precipitated palladium is recovered.