This invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein a, b, c, e, m, R1, R2, R3, R4a, R4b, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in the specification. The compounds of formula I are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes and intermediates for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat pulmonary disorders.