This invention provides estrogen receptor modulators of formula I, having the structure wherein, R1 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1–6 carbon atoms, benzyl, alkylcarbonyl of 2–7 carbon atoms, or benzoyl; X is R2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1–6 carbon atoms, benzyl, alkylcarbonyl of 2–7 carbon atoms, or benzoyl; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1–6 carbon atoms, hydroxy, or alkoxy of 1–6 carbon atoms; a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a sulfate ester of the hydroxyl group at the 3- or 17-position when R1 or R2 is hydrogen, or a glucuronide of the hydroxyl group at the 3- or 17-position when R1 or R2 is hydrogen.