A color image residue transform and/or inverse transform method and apparatus, and a color image encoding and/or decoding method and apparatus using the same are provided. The residue transform method includes: obtaining a residue corresponding to the difference of an original image and a predicted image; and transforming the residue by using a relation between residues of color image components. The residue inverse transform method includes: generating a residue for each component by performing residue inverse transform of the residue transformed original image; and restoring the original image by adding a predicted image to the residue of each component. Also, the color image lossless encoding method using the residue transform includes: obtaining a residue corresponding to the difference of an original image and a predicted image; and performing encoding by transforming the residue by using the relation between residues of predetermined components. The decoding method includes: extracting residue transformed image data from the coded data of the original image; generating a residue for each component by performing residue inverse transform of the residue transformed image data; and restoring the original image by adding a predicted image to the residue of each component. According to the methods and apparatuses, by performing transform between residues of each color component, the redundancy of the residue of each color component is removed such that when a color image is encoded, a higher compression efficiency can be achieved.