Methods having corresponding apparatus and tangible computer-readable media comprise: determining a plurality of first pseudoranges based on a plurality of respective wireless television signals received by an apparatus and a clock signal generated by the apparatus, wherein each of the first pseudoranges represent a difference between a time of transmission of the respective wireless television signal from a respective transmitter and a time of reception of the respective wireless television signal at the apparatus and a time offset of the clock signal; determining a plurality of first estimates of frequency offsets of the wireless television signals received by the apparatus; and determining a first estimate of a location of the apparatus based on the first pseudoranges, the first frequency offsets of the wireless television signals, and locations of the transmitters.