A data processing apparatus includes a data reading unit that reads data from a non-contact tag, and a restoration unit that restores a file when the data reading unit reads, from the non-contact tag, (i) location information indicating a storage location where the file is previously stored and (ii) at least one of a flag indicating that the file is to be restored and a restoration program for restoring the file, in accordance with the read at least one of the flag and the restoration program.