A lithographic printing plate precursor is provided that, using laser exposure, exhibits an excellent capacity for plate inspection, an excellent on-press development performance or gum development performance, and an excellent scumming behavior, while maintaining a satisfactory printing durability. There is also provided a method of lithographic printing that uses this lithographic printing plate precursor. The lithographic printing plate precursor comprises an image recording layer having (A) a nonionic polymerization initiator that contains at least two cyclic imide structures, and (B) a compound that has at least one addition-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated bond.