According to one embodiment, there is provided an elevator rescue operation system to be used in a building in which a plurality of elevators are installed in parallel. The system includes a disaster detection unit configured to detect, when a disaster has occurred in the building, an occurrence site of the disaster, a priority response floor setting unit configured to set a priority response floor on the basis of the disaster occurrence site detected by the disaster detection unit, and a rescue operation unit configured to cause a corresponding elevator for a rescue operation among the plurality of elevators to respond to the priority response floor set by the priority response floor setting unit, thereby carrying out a through-car operation up to a refuge floor.