Image processing includes receiving a plurality of images to be grouped; dividing the plurality of images into a plurality of groups wherein the images in the same group share the same main color; receiving a given image; searching among the plurality of groups for a result group having the same main color as the main color of the given image; extracting a plurality of image features of the given image and the images in the result-group; comparing the image features of the given image with the image features of each image in the result group; and identifying a near-duplicate image from the result group that meets a preset near-duplicate image determining condition.