A carbon fiber structure and a manufacturing method of the same are provided. The carbon fiber structure includes a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material having carbon fibers and a carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fibers are configured by a substantially linear fiber. The carbon fibers form thin piece bodies in which a longitudinal direction of the carbon fibers is oriented in parallel to a surface direction of the carbon fiber structure within the carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fiber structure is configured by a laminate having the thin piece bodies laminated therein.