An analog associative memory, which includes an array of coupled voltage or current controlled oscillators, matches patterns based on shifting frequencies away from a center frequency of the oscillators. Test and memorized patterns are programmed into the oscillators by varying the voltage or current that controls the oscillators. Matching patterns result in smaller shifts of frequencies and enable synchronization of oscillators. Non-matching patterns result in larger shifts and preclude synchronization of oscillators. The patterns may each include binary data and the pattern matching may be based on discrete shifts. The patterns may each include grayscale data and the pattern matching may be based on continuously-varied shifts. Other embodiments are described herein.