Disclosed herein is an LED lighting control apparatus and method based on visible light communication. The LED lighting control apparatus includes lighting information collection means for collecting status information about lighting means and environmental information about surroundings of the lighting means, and transmitting the collected information to lighting control means. The lighting information collection means includes a visible light reception processing unit for receiving the status information about the lighting means contained in a visible light signal emitted from the lighting means, a lighting information analysis unit including a plurality of environmental information sensors for detecting the environmental information about the surroundings of the lighting means, the lighting information analysis unit analyzing the environmental information detected by the environmental information sensors, and a lighting information control unit for collecting the status information and the analyzed environmental information and transmitting the collected information to the lighting control means.