A method for detecting spectral characteristics of multi-band moving objects. The method includes: 1) dividing a full field of view into several subfields of view, and scanning and extracting suspected objects in each subfield one by one; 2) correlating interrelated suspected objects in adjacent subfields via coordinates to determine objects of interest that exist in the full field of view; 3) calculating the speeds of the objects of interest; 4) calculating average speed of all of the objects of interest and classifying the objects of interest according to their average speed; 5) compensating and rectifying the objective spectrum obtained from calculation; and 6) matching the compensated and rectified objective spectrum with a spectrum fingerprint database whereby realizing recognition of the multi-band moving objects.