Provided are a rear substrate surface polishing device polishing a rear surface of a substrate, a rear substrate surface polishing system including the rear substrate surface polishing device, a rear substrate surface polishing method used in the rear substrate surface polishing device, and a storage medium for storing a program implemented with the rear substrate surface polishing method. In particular, the rear surface of the substrate is polished by a substrate polishing unit in accordance with information acquired from a prior process performed prior to the polishing process of the rear surface of the substrate at the substrate polishing unit. Further, the substrate polishing unit polishes the substrate with a polishing area determined on the basis of information acquired from a prior process. Furthermore, the polishing is performed by using any one or all of a plurality of substrate polishing units determined on the basis of information acquired from a prior process.