A photoluminescent nanofiber composite includes a nanofiber substrate, first luminescent particles, and second luminescent particles. The first luminescent particles are supported by the nanofibers and span at least a portion of a substrate surface, as a layer on the substrate surface, or with some particles located in a bulk of the substrate, or both. The second luminescent particles are disposed on the substrate. The second luminescent particles may be disposed directly on the substrate surface or on the first luminescent particles. The second luminescent particles may be deposited in a pattern of deposition units. The first and second luminescent particles are configured for emitting light of different respective wavelengths in response to excitation by a light beam. One or more surface treatment coatings may be provided at different locations.