A method and an apparatus for data communication using digital image processing are provided. The method for transmitting data using digital image processing includes displaying a reference image including one or more frames having preset image quality and including clock data for data synchronization in each frame, determining whether a confirmation signal indicating that transmission of data is possible is received within a preset time, and displaying a corrected reference image having image quality differing from the preset image quality when the confirmation signal is not received within the preset time. Data may thus be transmitted without a separate transceiver supporting a certain communication scheme, and data synchronization between a receiving end and a sending end is thus possible to more conveniently transmit/receive data.