A system of dynamic control of rolling on at least one guide rail for a guidance system of a vehicle along at least one guide rail, composed of at least one roller or at least one pair of guide rollers rolling along this guide rail, is characterized in that it incorporates a vibrational sensor located near at least one roller or at least one pair of guide rollers and a proximity sensor, and in that the signals transmitted by these sensors, or the circuits in which they are placed, are continually analyzed to establish a commencement of guidance failure, a guidance failure, a limit of wearing of or damage to the roller(s) or their tires. This invention is of interest to manufacturers of vehicles guided along at least one rail.